Dean: Every student who completed the Melville seminar this year had an essay accepted by the campus literary journal. Ana had an essay accepted by the journal this year. So Ana must have completed the Melville seminar.
The dean's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
Plain EnglishWhat's wrong with the dean's argument?
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Plain EnglishThe seminar is one way into the journal. The dean treats it like the only way in. Ana could have gotten in some other way. That's the flaw.
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Plain EnglishBackwards. The argument starts with every seminar student and ends with one student, Ana.
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Plain EnglishThe journal's standards never come up, so the argument doesn't depend on them.
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Plain EnglishThe dean gives real evidence. The problem is what the dean concludes from it.
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Plain EnglishNothing contradicts. All three sentences could be true together. The problem is something missing.
Pick an answer to see the plain English version of every choice.
The whole argument in plain English
Everyone who took the seminar got into the journal. Ana got into the journal. So Ana took the seminar? Not necessarily. The seminar is one way in, and nothing says it's the only way.
No diagram needed. Read what it says, then notice what it skips.